PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Cepeda M.B., Cepeda P.B., Baêta B.A., Gaudêncio F.N., Magalhães-Matos P.C., Cordeiro M.D., Brito M.F. & Fonseca A.H. 2016. [Biochemical, anatomical and histopathological changes in the liver of Gallus gallus Linnaeus, 1758 experimentally infected by Borrelia anserine Sakharoff, 1891.] Alterações bioquímicas, anatômicas e histopatológicas em fígado de Gallus gallus Linnaeus, 1758, experimentalmente infectados por Borrelia anserina Sakharoff, 1891. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(8):687-693. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: adivaldofonseca@yahoo.com Spirochetosis avian is a septicemic disease of acute course and cosmopolitan can affect various avian species, caused by Borrelia anserina and transmitted by Argas miniatus. The experiment aimed to evaluate the biochemical, anatomical and histopathological changes in the liver of Gallus gallus caused by experimental infection with B. anserina. A total of 40 fowls of the species G. gallus were divided into four randomized groups of ten fowls each: G1 - inoculated with serum infected with B. anserina; G2 - inoculated with 0.9% saline; G3 - exposed to nymphs of 3rd instar of A. miniatus infected with B. anserina; G4 - exposed to ticks nymphs of 3rd instar of A. miniatus free of B. anserina. The fowls of Groups 1 and 3 expressed at 3 and 6 days post-inoculation (DAI) respectively , symptoms characteristic of the disease as lack of appetite , weight loss , drowsiness, greenish diarrhea, pale mucous membranes , ruffled feathers and hyperthermia. ALT of group 1 levels were significantly higher only at the 12º and 24º day after inoculation (DAI) compared with its control group (group 2), and in group 3 these levels remained high until the 20º DAI as compared with its control group (group 4). AST enzyme fluctuated little in the experimental groups, although elevations at 12ºDAI has been found in group 1 and 3. The liver of fowls in groups 1 and 3, presented at necropsy moderate hepatomegaly, congestion, irregular surface and red color to cyanotic. If found even small whitish spots on the surface. The histopathology revealed congestion, mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates, fibrinoid necrotic foci, dilatation of sinusoids, and vacuolation of hepatocytes. The Warthin-Starry staining revealed in the liver of fowls in groups 1 and 3 the presence of spirochetes compatible with B. anserina, often within blood vessels.

• Borrelia anserina spirochetosis tick borne diseases espiroquetose

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Cepeda M.B., Cepeda P.B., Baêta B.A., Gaudêncio F.N., Magalhães-Matos P.C., Cordeiro M.D., Brito M.F. & Fonseca A.H. 2016. [Biochemical, anatomical and histopathological changes in the liver of Gallus gallus Linnaeus, 1758 experimentally infected by Borrelia anserine Sakharoff, 1891.] Alterações bioquímicas, anatômicas e histopatológicas em fígado de Gallus gallus Linnaeus, 1758, experimentalmente infectados por Borrelia anserina Sakharoff, 1891. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(8):687-693. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: adivaldofonseca@yahoo.com A espiroquetose aviária é uma enfermidade septicêmica de curso agudo, cosmopolita, que acomete diversas espécies aviárias, causada por Borrelia anserina e transmitida pelo carrapato Argas miniatus. O experimento teve como objetivos avaliar as alterações bioquímicas e anátomo-histopatológicas no fígado de Gallus gallus, causadas pela infecção experimental por B. anserina. Quarenta aves da espécie G. gallus foram divididas em quatro grupos inteiramente casualizados com 10 animais cada: G1 - inoculado com soro infectado com B. anserina; G2 - inoculado com soro fisiológico a 0,9%; G3 - exposto a ninfas de terceiro ínstar de A. miniatus infectados por B. anserina; G4 - exposto a ninfas de terceiro ínstar de A. miniatus livres de B. anserina. As aves dos Grupos 1 e 3 manifestaram no 3º e 6º dias pós-inoculação (DPI) respectivamente, sintomatologia característica da doença como inapetência, perda de peso, sonolência, diarreia esverdeada, mucosas hipocoradas, penas arrepiadas e hipertermia. Os níveis de ALT do Grupo 1 mostraram-se significativamente mais elevados apenas no 12ºDPI e 24ºDPI em relação ao seu grupo controle (Grupo 2) e no Grupo 3 esses níveis se mantiveram elevados até o 20º DPI em comparação ao seu grupo controle (Grupo 4). Os níveis da enzima AST pouco oscilaram nos grupos experimentais, embora tenham sido encontradas elevações no 12ºDPI nos Grupos 1 e 3. Os fígados das aves dos Grupos 1 e 3 apresentaram à necropsia, moderada hepatomegalia, congestão, superfície irregular e coloração vermelha a cianótica; constataram-se ainda pequenos pontos esbranquiçados na superfície. A histopatologia do fígado revelou congestão, infiltrados inflamatórios mononucleares, focos de necrose fibrinoide, dilatação dos sinusoides e vacuolização de hepatócitos. A coloração de Warthin-Starry revelou, nos fígados das aves dos Grupos 1 e 3, a presença de espiroquetas compatíveis com B. anserina, frequentemente no interior de vasos sanguíneos.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Lisbôa R.S., Guedes Júnior D.S., Silva F.J.M., Cunha N.C., Machado C.H. & Fonseca A.H. 2008. [Alterations in hematological parameters of Gallus gallus domesticus experimentally infected with Borrelia anserina.] Alterações nos parâmetros hematológicos de Gallus gallus domesticus experimentalmente infectados por Borrelia anserina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(10):527-532. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: raquellisboa@ufrrj.br Avian spirochaetosis is a cosmopolite acute septicemic disease of many avian species, caused by Borrelia anserina Sakharoff, 1891. The present study assesses the estimate of the hematological alterations of Gallus gallus domesticus experimentally infected with B. anserina by vector Argas (Persicargas) miniatus. Twenty-seven fowls of the species G. g. domesticus, 67 days old, were randomly allocated into three groups composed by nine animals each. One group was exposed to B. anserina infected ticks (Group 1), other one to ticks free of this agent (Group 2), and another group not exposed to ticks (Group 3). Blood smears of the fowls were taken daily, since the first day the fowls were exposed to the ticks, up to the 25th day after exposure (DAE). Blood samples were collected three days before exposure, and three, eight and 18 DAE, for hematologic tests. The examination of Group 1 smears revealed large number of spirochaetes. Group 2 and 3 blood smears were negative during the whole period under exam. In agreement with the hematological evaluation results, the fowls exposed to infected ticks showed a normocytic normochromic anemia in eight DAE, leucocytosis with heterophilia and monocytosis concomitant with the spirochaetemia. We concluded that B. anserina infection determined on fowls of Group 1 hematological alterations compatible with bacterial infection of moderate gravity, developing to self-cure, in the experimental conditions established in this study.

• Borrelia anserina Argas (Persicargas) miniatus avian hematology domestic fowls avian spirochaetosis

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Lisbôa R.S., Guedes Júnior D.S., Silva F.J.M., Cunha N.C., Machado C.H. & Fonseca A.H. 2008. [Alterations in hematological parameters of Gallus gallus domesticus experimentally infected with Borrelia anserina.] Alterações nos parâmetros hematológicos de Gallus gallus domesticus experimentalmente infectados por Borrelia anserina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(10):527-532. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: raquellisboa@ufrrj.br Avian spirochaetosis is a cosmopolite acute septicemic disease of many avian species, caused by Borrelia anserina Sakharoff, 1891. The present study assesses the estimate of the hematological alterations of Gallus gallus domesticus experimentally infected with B. anserina by vector Argas (Persicargas) miniatus. Twenty-seven fowls of the species G. g. domesticus, 67 days old, were randomly allocated into three groups composed by nine animals each. One group was exposed to B. anserina infected ticks (Group 1), other one to ticks free of this agent (Group 2), and another group not exposed to ticks (Group 3). Blood smears of the fowls were taken daily, since the first day the fowls were exposed to the ticks, up to the 25th day after exposure (DAE). Blood samples were collected three days before exposure, and three, eight and 18 DAE, for hematologic tests. The examination of Group 1 smears revealed large number of spirochaetes. Group 2 and 3 blood smears were negative during the whole period under exam. In agreement with the hematological evaluation results, the fowls exposed to infected ticks showed a normocytic normochromic anemia in eight DAE, leucocytosis with heterophilia and monocytosis concomitant with the spirochaetemia. We concluded that B. anserina infection determined on fowls of Group 1 hematological alterations compatible with bacterial infection of moderate gravity, developing to self-cure, in the experimental conditions established in this study.